 | |
prefikso (official prefixes)
| afikso (affix) |
signifo angla (meaning) |
ekzemplo (example) |
| bo- |
relationship by marriage,
-in-law
|
bopatrino = mother-in-law,
bofrato = brother-in-law |
| dis- |
dispersal, separation,
scattering, dismemberment, dis- |
disdoni = to distribute,
disa=separate
disaudigi = to broadcast,
disigi = to separate, to take apart,
disigi = to disintegrate, to fall apart
nedisigebla indissoluble, inseparable
disjeti = to scatter about,
|
| ek- |
commencement, momentary, sudden,
beginning of action
or brief lasting action |
ekiri = to start,
ekbrili = to flash,
ekvidi = to notice,
ekkrii = to shout out,
eki = to begin, to start,
ni eku! = let's get started |
| eks- |
former, ex- |
eksrego = ex-king,
eksedzino = ex-wife,
eksigi = to discharge (from office),
to impeach,
eksigi = to resign |
| ge- |
of both sexes together |
gepatroj = parents,
gejunuloj = youth, young people,
gesinjoroj = ladies and gentleman,
gea = of both sexes, unisex |
| mal- |
opposite |
mala = opposite,
male = on the contrary, contrary to
malgranda = small,
malami = to hate,
malaperi = to vanish, to disappear,
malrica = poor,
malbona = bad,
malbela = ugly,
malforta = weak,
malfacila = difficult,
maldekstra = left,
malfermi = to open,
malkonsenti = to disagree
|
| mis- |
mis-, amiss, wrongly |
miskompreni = to misunderstand,
miskompreno = misunderstanding,
misuzi = to misuse,
misuzo = abuse |
| pra- |
remote (time), primordiality,
remoteness of relationship,
of great antiquity, primeval,
great (in family relationship),
ancient, fore- |
prapatroj = ancestors,
praavo = great-grandfather,
pranepo = great-grandson,
prahistorio = prehistory,
pratempo = the ancient past,
pratempa, praa = ancient |
| re- |
return, repetition, re-
back, over again |
resendi = to send back,
reveni = to come back, to return (intr),
redoni = to give back, to return (tr),
rebrili = to reflect,
reverki = to re-write (a book, etc.)
|
maloficiala afiksoj (unofficial prefixes)
| fi- |
shameful, nasty
morally bad,
moral degradation,
contempt |
fiago = shameful act,
figazeto = smutty magazine,
fia = nasty, horrid, |
| pseudo- |
pseudo- |
pseudoscienco = pseudoscience,
pseudonomo = pseudonym |
| retro- |
backward |
|
|
| |
oficiala sufiksoj (official suffixes)
| afikso (affix) |
signifo angla (meaning) |
ekzemplo (example) |
| -ac- |
scorn, disparagement,
contemptible, disgusting,
bad kind |
domaco = hovel, shack, shanty,
skribaci = to scrawl,
infanaco = brat,
virinaco = hag,
cevalaco = sorry nag,
veteraco = filthy weather,
aculo = creep, thug,
acajo = abomination |
| -ad- |
frequent, repetitive
or habitual action,
prolonged action,
continuation of action |
nagado = swimming,
pafado = shooting,
kuirado = cooking,
agadi = to act,
agado = action, activity,
movado = movement,
parolado = a speach,
kuradi = to keep on running |
| -aj- |
thing (concrete idea),
a concrete manifestation
of an abstraction,
the external manifestation
of an activity,
a characteristic piece of
behaviour,
the flesh of an animal,
product, dish |
segajo = sawdust,
bovajo = beef,
safajo = mutton,
kokinajo, kokidajo = chicken,
fluajo = liquid,
pakajo = package, thing packed,
sendajo = shipment, thing sent,
infanajo = a childish act,
dish ovajo = scrambled eggs,
gentilajo = polite, courteous act,
verdajo = greenery, something green,
mangajo = food,
fragajo = strawberry jam,
sekajoj = dry goods,
dolcajoj = sweets, candies,
ajo = a thing, object,
Esperantajoj = publications or other
collectibles related to Esperanto |
| -an- |
member (of a group),
inhabitant (of a place
or country), partisan,
participant, adherent |
ano = member,
klubano = club member,
kursano = a course participant,
kongresano = congressman, delegate,
vilagano = villager,
urbanoj = townspeople,
nederlandano = dutchman,
londonano = londoner,
amerikanoj = americans,
kristano = christian |
| -ar- |
collective, group, set,
a collection of like things |
arbaro = forest, woods,
anaro = members' body,
vortaro = dictionary,
libraro = library,
audantaro = audience,
homaro = mankind,
aro = collection, set |
| -cj- |
pet-name (masculine)
[truncation of root optional] |
pacjo = daddy,
Jocjo = Johnny, Joe,
Tomcjo = Tom, Tommy |
| -ebl- |
-able, -ible, possibility |
legebla = legible,
portebla = portable,
videbla = visible,
mangebla = edible,
kredebla = credible, believable,
kredeble = possibly, probably,
eble = perhaps,
ebla = possible,
ebleco = possibility |
| -ec- |
quality, abstract idea,
-ness, -ship |
blankeco = whiteness,
rapideco = speed,
silkeca = silky,
amikeco = friendship,
klareco = clearness,
profesoreco = professorship,
moleco = softness,
malmoleco = hardness,
eco = quality |
| -eg- |
augmentative, great size
intense degree |
bonega = excellent,
intense degree petegi = to beseech, to implore,
domego = mansion,
ridegi = to guffaw,
varmega = hot,
ega = great,
ege = very |
| -ej- |
place alloted to
or characterized by, space |
lernejo = school,
kuirejo = kitchen,
logejo = apartment,
vendejo = store,
herbejo = meadow,
hundejo = dog kennel,
pregejo = temple, church,
ejo = place |
| -em- |
propensity, disposition,
tendency |
babilema = loquacious,
parolema = talkative,
komprenema = understanding,
laborema = hard working, industrious,
sparema = thrifty,
mortema = mortal,
ludema = playful,
kredema = credulous,
kolerema = irascible,
suspektema = open to suspicion,
samseksema = homosexual,
malsamseksema = heterosexual,
ambauseksema = bisexusual,
ema = inclined, disposed, prone, apt,
malema = unwilling, reluctant,
eme = willingly, readily,
emo = tendency, inclination, disposition |
| -end- |
to be -ed, which-must-be-done,
necessity of action |
pagenda = payable, to be payed, due,
detruenda = to be destroyed,
solvenda = must be solved,
farenda = to be done, must be done |
| -er- |
item, unit, fragment,
small particle of a whole,
element |
panero = crumb,
cenero = link,
pluvero = raindrop,
monero = coin,
pulvero = dust particle,
fajrero = spark,
sablero = grain of sand,
diserigi = to split up, grind down,
ero = element, particle, part |
| -estr- |
leader, ruler, head, chief |
estro = chief,
estri = to govern, direct, lead,
statestro = head of state,
guberniestro = state governor,
staciestro = station master,
urbestro = mayor,
regnestro = ruler,
lernejestro = head-master, principal,
school director,
sipestro = capitain, ship's master |
| -et- |
diminutive |
dormeti = to doze, to slumber,
libreto = booklet,
lageto = pond,
dometo = cottage,
varmeta = luke-warm,
rideti = to smile,
eta = small, minimal |
| -id- |
offspring, the descendant of,
the young of an animal |
ido = child, infant, descendant, scion,
idoj = progeny,
izraelido = israelite,
regido = prince,
hundido = puppy,
katido = kitten,
cevalido = colt,
bovido = calf,
kokido = chick |
| -ig- |
causative, transitivity (for verbs)
to make, to render,
to cause, to bring about |
purigi = to clean, to purify,
ebligi = to make possible,
mortigi = to kill,
plenigi = to fill,
blankigi = to whiten,
ruinigi = to ruin,
bruligi = to burn something (tr),
timigi = to frighten,
plibonigi = to improve something (tr),
lumigi = to put on the light,
bindigi = to have bound,
starigi = to stand (tr),
sciigi = to let know, to inform,
igi = to make someone or to cause
something to be |
| -ig- |
to become, get,
intransitivity (verbs)
action of becoming |
edzigi = to get married (to become a husband),
edzinigi = to get married (to become a wife),
naskigi = to be born,
rugigi = to blush,
blankigi = to grow white, whiten,
plibonigi = to improve (intr),
sidigi = to sit down, to become seated,
movigi = to move of itself,
enlitigi = to get into bed,
ruligi = to roll (intr),
sciigi = to get to know, become aware,
igi = to become by self |
| -il- |
instrument, means,
tool, implement |
ilo = tool,
hakilo = axe,
slosilo = key,
kudrilo = needle,
trancilo = knife,
razilo = razor,
flugilo = wing,
montrilo = pointer, arrow |
| -in- |
female, feminine |
virino = woman,
patrino = mother,
regino = queen,
fratino = sister,
onklino = aunt,
cevalino = mare,
kokino = hen,
ino = female |
| -ind- |
worthiness,
worthy to be -ed,
worth -ing |
laudinda = praiseworthy,
admirinda = worthy of admiration, admirable,
aminda = loveable, worthy of love,
memorinda = memorable,
vidinda = worth seeing,
vizitinda = worth a trip,
inda = worthy |
| -ing- |
holder, socket,
sheath (for one object) |
glavingo = scabbard,
plumingo = penholder,
kandelingo = candlestick |
| -ist- |
person habitually occupied
or concerned with something,
professional or enthusiastic
amateur, adherent, partisan |
instruisto = teacher,
artisto = artist,
pentristo = painter,
policisto = policeman,
masinisto = machinist,
biciklisto = cyclist,
maristo = sailor,
suisto = shoemaker,
drogisto = druggist,
marksisto = marxist,
Esperantisto = Esperantist |
| -nj- |
pet-name (feminine)
(truncation of root optional) |
panjo = mommy,
Manjo = Mary,
Nenjo = Nellie |
| -obl- |
multiple |
unuobla = single,
duobla = double, twofold,
trioble = triply, three times,
kvaroble = fourfold, quadruply,
dekduoble = twelve times,
dudekoble = twenty times,
centoble = a hundredfold,
multobligi, obligi = to multiply |
| -on- |
fraction |
duono = half,
duonigi = to halve,
sesono = sixth,
centono = a hundredth part |
| -op- |
collective |
unuope = one by one, singly,
duope = two by two, in twos,
kvaropo = quartet,
kvarope = four abreast, by fours,
centope = by hundreds, a hundred at a time |
| -uj- |
(1) container, receptacle
(2) land, country
(3) tree or bush bearing fruit |
monujo = purse,
inkujo = inkstand,
ujo = generic container
Anglujo = England,
Esperantujo = Esperanto-land
(everywhere where Esperanto is spoken),
pomujo = apple tree,
pirujo = pear-tree,
plumujo = plum-tree,
vinberujo = vine
(note that (2) and (3) usages of -uj- are becoming archaic) |
| -ul- |
person (possesing a certain
quality), characterised by
|
ulo = person, individual
junulo = youth, young man,
belulino = beauty,
bravulo = brave man,
blindulo = blind person,
surdulo = deaf person,
mutulo = mute person,
riculo = rich man,
drinkulo = drunkard,
sagulo = wise man, sage,
samseksemulo = homosexual, gay,
kunulo = companion,
fremdulo = stranger
|
| -um- |
indefinite relation |
malvarmumi = to catch cold,
plenumi = to fulfil,
tendumi = to camp,
literumi = to spell,
okulumi = to ogle,
foliumi = to browse, to glance (through a book),
kolumo = collar,
manumo = wrist band,
plandumo = sole (of shoe),
ventumi = to fan,
ventumilo = a fan,
aerumi = to ventilate,
komunumo = community,
krucumi = to crucify,
amikumi = to be friends,
Esperantumi = to use Esperanto (and to enjoy it) |
maloficiala sufiksoj (unofficial suffixes)
| -i- |
country |
Francio = France,
Britio = Great Britain,
Bulgario, Meksikio |
-ism- |
-ism, theory, system,
characteristic behaviour,
pattern |
platonismo = platonism,
protektismo = protectionism,
alkoholismo = alcoholism,
magnetismo = magnetism,
feticismo = fetishism,
anglismo = anglicism |
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